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An important goal in the laboratory is to irradiate the samples homogenously over a large area. For that purpose, the accelerators need a beam sweeping system to allow this scan.
On the other hand, it is also convenient to achieve radiation damage over certain volume in the sample. The penetration depth is a primary function of the beam energy. Therefore, a system to enable a range of energies in the incoming beam would create damage along certain depth in the target. These systems are termed as beam degraders.
Usually, they consist of a set of metal plates with different thickness rotating in such a way that the beam goes through all of them. The final effect is a transformation of single energy ion beam into an ion beam with energy values given by the attenuation in the plates.
As of now, these systems are under study to choose the more suitable ones.
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